What are two effective approaches to detail and refine specified goals in system development?

The correct answer emphasizes the effective use of use cases and activity diagrams to specify and refine goals in system development. Use cases provide a clear description of how users will interact with the system, highlighting the user requirements and desired outcomes. They help ensure that the goals are aligned with user needs and can be easily understood by both technical and non-technical stakeholders.

Activity diagrams complement this by illustrating the flow of activities and interactions involved in achieving the specified goals. By mapping out these processes visually, stakeholders can identify any gaps, overlaps, or dependencies, leading to a more nuanced understanding of the goals and how they can be achieved effectively.

This approach not only clarifies requirements but also enhances communication among team members, making it easier to address potential challenges early in the development process. By using these tools together, developers can create a comprehensive roadmap for system functionalities, ensuring that all stated goals are achievable and well-defined.

Other approaches may lack the clarity and structured methodology of use cases and activity diagrams, making them less effective in refining goals for system development.